Comparative Politics Research Paper topic Assignment

Comparative Politics Research Paper topic - Assignment Example The rise of sectarianism in both Bahrain and Kuwait is firmly held in the venerable problems of governance and the elite manipulation of the Sunni and Shiite identities. Massive loss of lives in the gulf region has been as a result of the deep religious differences between these two sects. The re-emergence of identity politics in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia has left in its tail worrying number of deaths in close by countries and the continued manipulation of the identity by the ruling families might degenerate into violence in these countries. According to Saikal and Acharya (7), during the spring, protesters in Bahrain were quelled through manipulation of the sectarian divide. The stability of the political system in Saudi Arabia on the other hand ensured that the protests were unheard of in the monarchial state. Interests in the sectarianism politics in the region has aroused a lot of interest; particularly, the causes and the manner in which it continues to shape politics in the two

Australia Should Not Reintroduce Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Australia Should Not Reintroduce Capital Punishment Essay Capital punishment or the death penalty as it is also known refers to the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime. The most common forms of capital punishment include electrocution, gas, firing squads, lethal injections and hanging. Australia abolished the death penalty in 1975 and since then, there have been many debates about whether it should be re-introduced. Capital punishment is uncivilised, represents solely revenge and is commonly a miscarriage of justice. Consequently, Australia should not re-introduce capital punishment. Capital punishment is both uncivilised and barbaric. Firstly, it brutalises witnesses. An example of this is Dr Phillip Opus, the man who defended Ronald Ryan and was present at his execution. He never got over Ryan going to the gallows and says â€Å"Before the Ryan case, I favoured capital punishment†¦ when he died, a little bit of me died too.† Secondly, capital punishment brutalises the executioner. When an execution is carried out through a firing squad, a blindfold is placed over the firing squads eyes. This was done so that the shooters did not know who fired the killing shot, therefore, they didn’t have to live with the guilt and shame of killing someone. Australia believes in justice, but we don’t believe that a brutal hanging is the type of justice that we feel comfortable with as a nation. Capital punishment represents only revenge and we are all human, thus, we don’t have the right to determine who lives and who dies. There is nothing in the world that gives another human being the right to kill another, and when it’s done out of revenge, it’s worse. There is also a human rights issue as capital punishment breaks the declaration of Human Rights. This is like the government breaking its own laws. Capital punishment is stooping to the level of the criminal and killing offenders only lowers us to their standard. Is it right to punish violence with more violence? Killing another human being is wrong; â€Å"he did it first† is not a valid excuse. The worst thing about capital punishment is that it is possible to make tragic mistakes; hence, it is a miscarriage of justice. Executions cannot be reversed or undone. There are atleast 40 confirmed cases of wrongful executions in the US alone. Colin Ross was a wine bar owner executed for the rape and murder of a child despite there being evidence that he was innocent. In the 1990’s, old evidence was re-examined with modern forensic technology which showed that Ross was innocent. This proves that capital punishment is a miscarriage of justice and we should only consider re-introducing Capital punishment in Australia when dead people can be brought back to life after being executed through wrong convictions. Capital punishment is also a miscarriage of justice in being that an execution is sometimes a punishment not fitting the crime. This is shown through Van Nguyen an Australian from Melbourne, Victoria convicted of drug-trafficking in Singapore. Drug trafficking carries the mandatory death sentence in Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act and despite pleas of clemency from the Australian government, Nguyen was hanged on the 2nd December 2005. Evidently, capital punishment also raises the issue of disproportionate punishment. 111 countries including Australia have abandoned the death penalty. From 1900 – 1967, 115 criminals were executed in Australia alone and there should never be anymore. Capital punishment is brutal, represents just revenge and is regularly a miscarriage of justice. This clearly shows, that Australia should not re-introduce capital punishment.

A Study Of The National Politics Of Malaysia Politics Essay

A Study Of The National Politics Of Malaysia Politics Essay Since the formation of its constitution in 1956 Malaysia has been a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. In theory this would mean Malaysia is indeed a democracy because the king largely only has symbolic functions. In reality the political process has been dominated by one party, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), thereby making Malaysia a semi-democracy [2]. In this chapter, a portrayal of the politics of Malaysia will be presented. This description will begin with an explanation of the distribution of power in the political system, followed by a short history of Malaysias nearly all-powerful political party, the UMNO, and the latest elections in which the UMNO was dealt a decisive blow. Finally, a sketch of Malaysias political freedom, civil liberties and corruption will be given Political system Malaysia is nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, who is also called the king, and a bicameral parliament. The parliament consists of a Senate, the Dewan Negara and a House of Representatives, the Dewan Rakyat. The king elects 44 members of the Senate; the other 26 are elected by the assemblies of the thirteen states of Malaysia. Members of the Senate are chosen for three years and those three years are normally extended by another three years, making for a total of six years in-office. Each five years, the 222 members of the House of Representatives are chosen by national elections via a single-member-district system similar to the United States. Executive power is held by the cabinet, led by the prime minister. The cabinet is chosen from the parliament by the prime minister, with approval from the king. The prime minister himself is selected from the House of Representatives according to who commands the most support by the members from the House. On more local level, nine of the states are each headed by a sultan; four Melaka, Pulau Pinang (Penang), Sabah and Sarawak are each headed by a governor. While sultans are hereditary, governors are chosen by the state governments. All of the thirteen states have assemblies, and a government elected by the population of the state [3], [4]. The political system is visualised in Figure 1. Figure 1 Head of state For Malaysia is the king, or Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the official head of state. Aside from being a largely symbolic function, the king does have a few official powers. For instance he chooses 44 of the 70 members of the Senate, he gives approval to the appointment of the cabinet and he signs all laws. The king is also the nominal head of the armed forces and the leader of the Islamic faith in Malaysia. Each five years, the sultans choose the next king from among themselves, but in practice the post is rotated among the sultans. This system was made by the first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, in order to spread the power among all the sultans who had ruled over fiefdoms on the peninsula of Malaysia prior to its independence. The current king is Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (Figure 2), who is the 13th king and was installed in December 2006. Being made king at an age of 44 makes the former ruler of the oil-rich Terengganu state one of the youngest heads of state yet [3], [5], [6]. Figure 2 Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Prime minister The prime minister is selected from the House of Representatives according to who commands the most support by the members from the House. Because the UMNO has been the largest party since Malaysias independence, as an unofficial rule the UMNOs leader becomes prime minister. Figure 3 prime minister is Najib Abdul Razak The current prime minister is Najib Abdul Razak (Figure 3). He is the son of Abdul Razak, Malaysias second prime minister. Mr. Najib has an undergraduate degree in economics from the University of Nottingham and has worked for the national petroleum cooperation, Patronas. Upon the death of his father in 1979 he was elected to take the place of his father in parliament. As a member of parliament he has been a prominent member of the UMNO. Mr. Najib has served in several cabinets, among which as minister of finance and minister of defence. He was deputy prime minister since 2004 till he became prime minister in 2009. Najib Abdul Razak succeeds Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who resigned in April 2009 after disastrous elections for the UMNO in March 2008. The current prime minister came to power promising radical reforms, a more transparent government and a fairer treatment of ethnic minorities. Besides this, one of the main problems Mr. Najib faces is the global economic crisis, which has had a dramatic impact on the countrys economy. Though he promised much improvement, Najib Abdul Razaks government has allegedly tried to stifle the opposition with a heavy hand [5], [7]. The United Malays National Organisation and the National Front The most powerful party of Malaysia, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) has its roots in the independence of Malaysia. As Britain prepared Malaya for independence they decided to transform their earlier administrative system, which was riddled with inequality, into a more even arrangement. This took form in the Malayan Union, where the power of the sultans would be reduced and the disadvantaged Chinese community would be given equal rights. This did not go well with the Malay aristocracy and civil servants, fearing reduction of their power. The result was a series of meetings and mass rallies and led to the formation of the UMNO. The British, surprised by the social uprising, changed the Union to a federalist system where the power of the sultans and the Malays were improved. After that, the UMNO became a political party that exclusively drew support from the Malay population. As a result other political parties followed suit, creating a political system with mono-ethnic parties. The Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) are two main examples. Multi-ethnic parties gained little following and it would take about 50 years any serious multi-ethnic political party would appear. The UMNO and MCA would gain a large majority in the elections and would form a coalition with the MIC called the Alliance, which later became the National front (Barisan Nasional). The political power would mainly reside with the Malays, where the Chinese had the economic power. The tension between the ethnic groups of Malaysia was highlighted during the May 13 incident. The UMNO dominance would be challenged on May 13th 1969, when, after being abandoned by a significant number of Malay voters, the UMNO would be left clinging to power. The Chinese and Indian parties had taken to the opposition fearing being left out as a result of laws favouring Malays. This also deteriorated the UMNOs delicate position. The Chinese mounted victory processions, which inflamed the Malays. This resulted in huge riots in Kuala Lumpur, where Malays clashed with Chinese and Indians. Two years of emergency rule by the UMNO-led government followed. The UMNO responded by restricting Chinese business activities and improving Malay standing by far reaching redistribution of wealth and power, called the New Economic Policy (NEP), thereby hoping to win back the support of the Malay population. UMNO restored its political power by getting most of the ethnic parties from the opposition into the coalition, which had been renamed the National Front. The UMNO then subordinated its coalition partners, making its standing in the National Front absolute. The result was single-party dominance, limitations of civil liberties and a complete forest of bureaucratic instances and state businesses that would implement the redistributions. This resulted in a near fusion of the UMNO with the state apparatus, thereby further increasing its power [8], [9]. The 2008 elections While the National Front used to have a two-thirds majority, making it possible to make amendments to Malaysias constitution and making for an image of all-importance among the population. This all changed in the elections of March 2008, when the government was dealt a decisive blow. The National Front was nevertheless able to claim 63% of the seats in parliament as can be seen in Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6 yet short of the magical two-thirds. This is actually far more than the actual number of votes: 52% of the votes went to the government. The reason for the relatively large share of seats in parliament is the voting system, which heavily favours the sitting administration. Figure 4 Results of the 2008 elections [11]. Mounting government corruption, arrogance, rising inflation and high crime rates, coupled with the normal discontent over unfair treatment was cause for a record number of non-Malay voters to switch their vote to opposition parties. The last time the National Front was dealt such a setback was in 1969 and its response was to absorb most of the opposition parties into the National Front, but this time the opposition was more confident and formed its own coalition: the Peoples Pact (Pakatan Rakyat). It even pondered to replace the NEP with a more equitable welfare system which was not based on ethnicity. The opposition is composed of the mainly ethnic Chinese Islamic Party Of Malaysia (PAS), the secular and reformist Democratic Action Party (DAP) and the multi-ethnic Peoples Justice Party (PKR), but which has a large Malay following. Part of the reason for the confidence of the opposition is that these parties were able to form governments in five states, including two of Malaysias richest [10]. Figure 5 Election results for the National Front [11]. Figure 6 Election results for the opposition [11]. Political freedom Political freedom in Malaysia is, as one can expect from earlier descriptions, not of the same sort as in western countries. Its democratic process has even been described by the government as being different to the western democracies, although they are adamant that Malaysia is democratic, albeit using a different definition of democracy. Malaysias form of democracy includes a large arrange of repressive measure. For instance, the government has legal powers to deregister organizations, ban publications and impose preventive detention. The opposition has been no exception to the application of these powers and these have even seen action in conflicts between different government factions. The federal government also has large control of mass media, including television and radio. For instance both the country itself and the National Front are owner of all television and radio, making sure the UMNO policies and leaders are viewed positively by the media. Furthermore, restrictions on party activities are more in favour of the UMNO, hindering the opposition more than the dominant party. The UMNO also promises development projects and material benefits to local communities in order to ensure loyalty to the government among population. Malaysias version of democracy also includes a version of ethnic and religious favouring of the Malay and Muslim majority of the country. The UMNO managed implement a biased electoral system that heavily reduced the impact of the votes cast by ethnic minorities, even though many of these minorities were represented in the National Front. The UMNO did this by gerrymandering, a way to change the electoral impact of certain districts in favour of a particular political party- in this case the UMNO, where the states with a large amount Malay voters were given more impact on the elections. The country also features a first-past-the-post voting system which strongly favours the largest party. The result of this is a two-thirds parliamentary majority of Malay votes compared to a close absolute majority of Malay voters. These measures described above have made sure the UMNO has stayed in power with a two-thirds majority until the elections of March 2008. We can conclude that Malaysia can at best be called semi-democratic by western standards, but seeing as the latest electoral has diminished the all-powerful UMNO there is perhaps a chance Malaysia may be on a path to more political freedom [2], [10], [12]. Civil Liberties Officially Malaysia grants its citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression, but as can be concluded from the above section, there is little freedom of the media in Malaysia. The reason for this is the possibility of exceptions to this right. For instance, the Printing Presses and Publications Act (PPPA) requires publishers to have an annual operations permit, which can be withdrawn by the prime minister without judicial control. Similarly, the Broadcasting Act gives the information minister the power to decide who can own a broadcast station. The Official Secrets Act (OSA), the Sedition act and defamation laws allow the government to impose restrictions on press and dissidents. Although there were hopes the elections of 2008 might change the media climate, it actually deteriorated as a result of crackdown instigated by the Prime Minister. Online media received many of the restriction and censorship that were already in place on traditional media like newspapers and television. The reason for this development was the role blogs and online news played in promoting the opposition and criticizing the government. The Official Secrets Act also curtails the publication of publication of politically sensitive information and reduces the freedom of information in Malaysia [12], [13]. Instigated as a measure to combat terrorism, the Internal Security Act has made it possible for the government to detain suspected terrorists or, more generally, people suspected of connections to terrorist groups. According to Human Right Watch and Amnesty International, these detainees are held for long times lacking a legal process and are grossly mistreated in prison [14], [15]. Malaysia also makes discrimination state policy with the NEP and government backed affirmative action policies, which called for far reaching redistribution of businesses, property and education to Malays [10],[15]. The country also has the death penalty and has voted against a moratorium of the UN against the death penalty [15]. Corruption Even though the prime minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi promised a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign in the 2007 elections, corruption actually increased for his coalition. Several cases of corruption at high levels of government occurred and the third-highest police official was arrested on the charge of concealing large sums of money. The police inspector general and the deputy minister for internal security also accused each other of corruption [12]. According to Transparency International a lot of corruption takes place on the negotiation of contracts, where bribes were paid to government officials to speed up trade licences (sic), for police protection and for loan transactions [16]. Further, the Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 of Transparency International rates Malaysia the 56th least corrupt country with Somalia the most corrupt country at rank 180 [17].

Grapes of Wrath and Its a Wonderful Life :: Economy Great Depression Essays

Grapes of Wrath and It's a Wonderful Life Following the relatively prosperous era nicknamed the "Roaring Twenties" came the Great Depression. Unemployment skyrocketed and good times were hard to be found. In the movie "It's a Wonderful Life" - we see the transformation from stability to utter chaos. With World War I freshly over, there was joy and celebration to welcome American 'boys' coming back home. Huge technological improvements and scientific breakthroughs paved the way for larger, more stable and profitable financial markets. Fast and easy money was too be made by playing the booming stock market - many lay men took advantage of these opportunities without having a complete understanding of what exactly they were doing. This inevitably led to the crash that sent America and the world into the Great Depression. In the movie - we see the first stages of the panic that spread throughout the country. People got scared and ran to the bank to take out their life-savings. What they did not understand was that no bank carries all its customers money at the same time. Profits are made off loans (which come from money kept in the bank by customers) with interest rates. This is what George Bailey tries to explain to the people of Bedford Falls, when they come to take their life-savings out of Baileys Building and Loans. However, not everyone was satisfied with George Bailey's explanation. They much preferred to have hard cash on them, which led some to turn to Mr. Potter (the stereotypical evil character who represents all that is bad), who offered fifty cents for every dollar. This of course allowed Potter to make huge profits out of other peoples loss. George's institution was unable to match Potter, not only because he believed it was unethical, but also because they were not a big and strong enough institution. Realizing this, Potter tried numerous times during the course of the movie to shut down the Buildings and Loans or take it over - to no avail. It was his aim to capture a monopolistic market over Bedford Falls that would allow him to charge any rates he wanted and thereby ensure himself a sufficiently large profit. It would also mean the end of a free market in Bedford Falls. A likely byproduct of a monopoly is feudalism, which could have arisen, given half a chance. It was the Bailey bank that always stood in the way of this happening.

Generation Gap

The generation gap is the different generations have different views of the same thing with different ideal. Different environments to create different people and different circumstances produce different thoughts. The emergence of the generation gap in a family is the responsibility of parents and children,parents often complain that children now too do not respect their parents; the children also complain that their parents do not understand children, making the original and the happy family have strife.It contrary to the point of view for the parents, children have their new insights and cause different thinking ideas, behaviors, habits according to their parents. Parents and children have different psychological characteristics. Children have ideals and aspirations, vision of a better future, thinking broad, have flexible response, creative spirit, fast to accept new things, strong ability of adapting to the new environment and prefer independent thinking.There has strong sense o f innovation, ingenuity, courage to break the stereotypes. However, the lack of social experiences their ideas easily extreme and deal with the problem is not calm. Parents were already undergoing many things, mature wisdom, character, maturity, and in interpersonal communication has a lot of experience. Parents see deep and thorough problem, but sometimes because of traditional attitudes, bondage of feudal ideology, ideological and stubborn, conservative, and so on.Besides that,the authoritative ideological heavier of some parents, assertive, requires children to unconditionally obey, so the children will be dissatisfied. For example, there is abundant energy of the younger generation, and competition, innovation, independent, unwilling to be controlled by others, giving a â€Å"bold and unconstrained† impression. In this regard, the older parents are not understood; feel that children had too much wind. Such deviation is bound on the understanding of direct impact to the at titudes and behavior of both sides, and both sides of the generation gap.If you both can do a role change, play the role of your opponent, to experience each others emotions, it's good to change their views, to facilitate exchanges. In this society, the generation gap is a universal phenomenon, it hinders the thoughts, feelings and daily exchanges between parents and children and communication. If the children cannot accept the arrangement of the parents, the children also must be respect their parents, trying to communicate with them, talk with them to explain their ideas like this, sometimes parents and children are also able to reach a consensus. Generation Gap Leo Tolstoy said: â€Å"All families are happy in the similar way and unhappy in its own way†. And happiness or unhappiness of any family mostly depends on relations in it. So many families so many family relations. Each family establishes its own relations in its own way. It has its own traditions and customs and its own unwritten constitution including rights and duties of every member of the family. They are also different in different families. So the problem of misunderstanding becomes urgent. Some people can it generation gap.And both sides (parents and children) should be patient and tactful and it’s the only way to settle down all the problems and stay friends. Youth is a very important period in the life of man. This is the time when a person discovers the world and tries to determine the place in the universe. Young people face lots of problems which are very important for them and do not differ much from those that once their parents had to deal with. At the same time every generation is unique. It differs from the one that preceded it in its experience, ideals and a system of values.The adults always say that the young are not what they were. These words are repeated from generation to generation. To some extent they are true, because every new generation grows up quicker, enjoys more freedom. It is better educated and benefits from the results of the technological progress of the time. Young people of today do not directly accept the standards of their parents who believe that they are right because they are older. The adults don't want their values to be questioned. The young on the other hand can not accept the values of their â€Å"fathers†.All these differences generate a generation gap when the young and adult do not understand one another. As a rule the adults, dissatisfied with their own lives, teach the young how to live. Unfortunately, the adults apply old standards to the new way of life. They can not leave behind the ir â€Å"good old days†. This burden is very heavy. They think that the world is going down hill. They gloomily look ahead unable to understand the optimism of their children who want to pave their own way in life. The majority of the young people do not want to live in the past.They have their own ideals. They want to make their own mistakes rather than to listen to the warnings of the adults and repeat the mistakes of the older generation. They want to overcome their own difficulties without looking back. However, the life of the young is frequently determined by the adults. I think that parents will never understand their children. And children, in their turn, shock their parents with their dress, language, behaviour. Traditionally, young people were looking at their elders for guidance. Today the situation is different.Sometimes the young people share information and experience with their parents. I think that it is not bad, especially when the adults really try to unders tand what is going on in the lives of their children. Moreover, young people grow up so quickly that they almost do not have time to enjoy their childhood. So, as you see, it is very difficult to be young nowadays, as it always was. But you only can be young once, and some wonderful things can happen only when you’re young. So, it is be to enjoy youth while it lasts. Generation Gap The generation gap is the different generations have different views of the same thing with different ideal. Different environments to create different people and different circumstances produce different thoughts. The emergence of the generation gap in a family is the responsibility of parents and children,parents often complain that children now too do not respect their parents; the children also complain that their parents do not understand children, making the original and the happy family have strife.It contrary to the point of view for the parents, children have their new insights and cause different thinking ideas, behaviors, habits according to their parents. Parents and children have different psychological characteristics. Children have ideals and aspirations, vision of a better future, thinking broad, have flexible response, creative spirit, fast to accept new things, strong ability of adapting to the new environment and prefer independent thinking.There has strong sense o f innovation, ingenuity, courage to break the stereotypes. However, the lack of social experiences their ideas easily extreme and deal with the problem is not calm. Parents were already undergoing many things, mature wisdom, character, maturity, and in interpersonal communication has a lot of experience. Parents see deep and thorough problem, but sometimes because of traditional attitudes, bondage of feudal ideology, ideological and stubborn, conservative, and so on.Besides that,the authoritative ideological heavier of some parents, assertive, requires children to unconditionally obey, so the children will be dissatisfied. For example, there is abundant energy of the younger generation, and competition, innovation, independent, unwilling to be controlled by others, giving a â€Å"bold and unconstrained† impression. In this regard, the older parents are not understood; feel that children had too much wind. Such deviation is bound on the understanding of direct impact to the at titudes and behavior of both sides, and both sides of the generation gap.If you both can do a role change, play the role of your opponent, to experience each others emotions, it's good to change their views, to facilitate exchanges. In this society, the generation gap is a universal phenomenon, it hinders the thoughts, feelings and daily exchanges between parents and children and communication. If the children cannot accept the arrangement of the parents, the children also must be respect their parents, trying to communicate with them, talk with them to explain their ideas like this, sometimes parents and children are also able to reach a consensus.

Poor Oral Hygiene essays

Poor Oral Hygiene essays Proper care for ones mouth must be maintained to prevent the upsurge and spread of several negative health factors. The warm moist environment provided by ones oral cavity provides perfect breading grounds for disease and bacteria. This build-up can lead to anything as severe as bad breath or even to ultimate disease and death. Proper care of the mouth and ones oral cavity is often something that is ignored by populations and can therefore brute to be a source of problem. Often times rural individuals lack the proper education and facilities to provide the correct oral hygiene needed. Oral hygiene must constantly be addressed by individuals of all populations. Dental professionals have long promoted the idea that prevention is the best medicine. Individuals must be trained to accept maintenance of the mouth as part of the overall oral health program. Education is the key to getting widespread acceptance of using preventative medicine when it comes to caring for ones mouth. This education must begin in the school systems by teaching young children how to care for their teeth. Young children could even be rewarded at a young age for correctly brushing their teeth. This education must not stop with the children, but must then be carried on to the adults and implemented in everyday lifestyles. All populations must understand that care for ones oral cavity is crucial to over positive health of an individual. Once individuals have been educated on how to care for their teeth it is the responsibility of the individual to make appointments to regularly have checkups with their dentist. It is then the dentists responsibility to carry on the process of education by continuing to support proper oral hygiene. Often times poor oral hygiene begins when individuals feel that they are unable to visit their dentist. Financial matters may prevent families from making regular checkups to their...

A Hue of Death Essay

A Hue of Death Essay A Hue of Death Essay Timothy Braun Developmental Writing 18-September 2013 The Mantis Shrimp: A Hue of Death The ability to see twelve different colors, pulverize its victims in one punch and completely baffle scientists for years, the mantis shrimp is an extraordinary feat of evolutionary success. Humans, we have evolved for several hundreds of thousands of years to become the most complex and advanced keepers of time and knowledge that the universe has ever seen. Although we have created an illusion that humans are capable of understanding everything in the universe, we still cannot comprehend some of the traits acquired by our Earthling cousins. We have three receptors in our eyes aptly named â€Å"cones† due to the shape of their cellular membrane. These cones allow us to see three main colors, red, green, and blue. Along with these three colors they give us the ability to see all colors that are derived from these such as yellow, pink, and orange. While what we can see can be beautiful and magnificent to us, the mantis shrimp would feel pity on us for the dull lives we lead. Certain species of the mantis shrimp are equipped with sixteen different photoreceptors in the eye, twelve of which are used strictly for detecting color of varying wavelength. This enables the mantis shrimp to see a broad range of colors that us humans can’t even begin to imagine or attempt to perceive. Not only are these eyes magnificent in their ability to perceive light and color beyond our own capabilities, they have the function to move and view areas around the completely independently of each other. The eyes of the mantis shrimp are considered to be the most complex in the animal kingdom. Electromagnetic radiation also known as EMR is all the light that we are able to see but also much more than that. EMR is the energy emitted from charged particles. Different energy on particles emit different frequencies of light, and in the whole scale of these we are only able to see a small fraction of the entire EMR scale known as the visual light spectrum. There is light such as ultraviolet and inferred that we can’t perceive with the naked eye. Polarized Light is another property of light that is relevant to the mantis shrimp and our everyday lives. You can imagine light being a solid cylindrical ‘pipe’ that when filtered properly can change the frequency and the intensity of the light. While we aren’t able to see these ourselves we believe our friend the mantis shrimp can. The mantis shrimp has the ability to see twelve different colors, in any combination along with the ability to see different layers of polarized light. These eyes are able to make out such beauty that us, the keepers of all knowledge will never be able to understand. The mantis shrimp embodies this grand life of colorful patterns down to the colors of their bodies. The body of a mantis shrimp is colorful, downright neon rave party colorful actually. This has evolved to be an extraordinary social benefit to the shrimp and has helped these creatures of the shallows become a fairly complex social animal. The colors of their bodies seem to have benefits in communicating with other Mantes. They use special colors that only other shrimps can see in order to mate safely and without high risk of being preyed upon during mating time. These colors have been proven to be a key strategy to their survival. Although a safe and reliable way to mate is an important factor to the

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers The Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper. Day, who had been working in the printing business, started a newspaper as a way to salvage his business. He had nearly gone broke after losing much of his business during a  local financial panic caused by the cholera epidemic of 1832. His idea of selling a newspaper for a penny seemed radical at a time when most newspapers sold for six cents. And though Day merely saw it as a business strategy to salvage his business, his analysis touched upon a class divide in society. Newspapers that sold for six cents were simply beyond the reach of many readers. Day reasoned that many working class people were literate, but were not newspaper customers simply because no one had published a newspaper targeted to them. By launching The Sun, Day was taking a gamble. But it proved successful. Besides making the newspaper very affordable, Day instituted another innovation, the newsboy. By hiring boys to hawk copies on street corners, The Sun was both affordable and readily available. People wouldn’t even have to step into a shop to buy it. Influence of The Sun Day did not have much of a background in journalism, and The Sun had fairly loose journalistic standards. In 1834 it published the notorious â€Å"Moon Hoax,† in which the newspaper claimed scientists had found life on the moon. The story was outrageous and proven to be utterly false. But instead of the ridiculous stunt discrediting The Sun, the reading public found it entertaining. The Sun became even more popular. The success of The Sun encouraged James Gordon Bennett, who had serious journalistic experience, to found The Herald, another newspaper priced at one cent. Bennett was quickly successful and before long he could charge two cents for a single copy of his paper. Subsequent newspapers, including the New York Tribune of Horace Greeley and the New York Times of Henry J. Raymond, also began publication as penny papers. But by the time of the Civil War, the standard price of a New York City newspaper was two cents. By marketing a newspaper to the widest possible public, Benjamin Day inadvertently kicked off a very competitive era in American journalism. As new immigrants came to America, the penny press provided very economical reading material. And the case could be made that by coming up with a scheme to save his failing printing business, Benjamin Day had a lasting impact on American society.

What are the curent demographics of the neighborhood Northwood in Essay

What are the curent demographics of the neighborhood Northwood in Baltimore - Essay Example e essay is divided into different sections beginning with the demography of the area and later key characteristics of Northwood in comparison with the other 54 CSAs. Later in the essay, we will learn on the improvement of Northwood and the negative characteristics that need to be improved for the benefit of the Northwood occupants and the image of this area. Northwood holds a population of 16,643 of 620,961 of the entire Baltimore City population. It is among the top ten most populated areas and just as the other CSAs its population is composed of more females than males where about 56% of the population is female and 44% are male. Baltimore at large is composed of different races and this is similar to Northwood as the area is occupied by 88.6% African-American, 7.2% white, 0.6% Asians, 1.5% people of two or more races and 0.4% other races. The African-American ratio to its population is much higher than the entire population ratio of Baltimore, which is 63.8%. The whites occupying Northwood is below the ratio of whites in Baltimore by 21.1% showing that other CSAs have more whites than Northwood (Renner, Ayodeji and Starke, 27). Baltimore is known for its ethnicity and diversity and this is not different from Northwood as it has a race diversity index of 22.5 compared to 54.5 of the entire neighborhood. 44.3% of the entire Northwood population are people between the age of 25-64 years whereas the population has the fewest number of people between 0-5 years this is similar to the population composition of most CSAs thus it is true to note that majority of the population in Baltimore is within the age of 25-64 years. According to vital signs 12, most of the households in Baltimore are headed by women due to the high rate of divorces in the area. This is not different in Northwood as women head about 55.4% of the households, which is very close to the 54.9% in the entire neighborhood (Renner, Ayodeji and Starke, 29). About 63% of Northwood population is

Conferance Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Conferance Paper - Essay Example Creative problem solving is a core component in finding solutions to the vast wastes by human growth and development that are compatible with the environment. Half of the current world population lives in urban centres and the rapid urbanisation has been a major challenge to scientists on how to maintain this population’s health without affecting the environment (Morrison & Rauch 2007). In a forum for research on the management and the effect that transportation has on the environment, some of the issues addressed included the traffic management, treatment, sustainable transport strategies, and increase on vehicle emissions, reduced air quality, and the quality of water (Morrison & Rauch 2007). 1. Introduction Environmental engineering is defined as the consolidation of engineering and science principles to better the natural environment with the aim of decontaminating polluted sites, and providing a comfortable habitation by all live organisms with clean healthy air, water an d land. It is a vast field with many obligations in the society. It is concerned with finding solutions for public health cases, implementing law, promoting sufficient sanitation in rural, urban and recreational centres, management of waste water, control of air pollution, proper disposal of wastes, recycling of materials and protection from radiation, industrial hygiene, and sustainability of the environment among other fields of application. Aside from this, environmental engineering is involved with public health issues and involves the understanding of environmental engineering law as well as the effect that proposed construction projects have on the environment. In the past, environmental engineering was considered a branch of civil engineering and was called sanitary engineering, but it has spawned from a component based on the development of processes and structures that addressed pollution and waste into a multi-disciplinary science that strikes a balance between different n eeds. Creative ways of solving problems are employed in the everyday activities of reducing the amount of waste and pollution in the environment without affecting the environment. For example, the creation of fish ladders in dams that allows fish such as salmon to migrate upstream for breeding purposes whose route is blocked by a human-made barrier such as a dam. As an environmental engineer, there is a task and an obligation to study the impact that advances in technology have on the environment by conducting studies on the management of hazardous waste material. These studies are aimed at determining the implications of these hazards, to give advice to relevant bodies on treatment and containment of the hazard and to develop rules to ensure safety of the public. Environment engineers are responsible for the design of municipal water supply and the system management of waste water in industries. Environment issues at both local and international levels such as global warming, the e ffects of acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from industrial sources and automobile exhausts (Beychok 2005). Environment engineers work with various environment protection agencies around the world that serve to protect and better the quality of water, air and the environment as a whole in order to prevent or reduce the effects of hazardous wastes on the

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example By the delivery of the gift, it can thus be understood that the gift can be considered as perfect when the donor of the gift actually surrenders the control or the right of the property. The intention of the donor making the gift is identified by the court with regard to certain circumstances. These circumstances include the relationship between the parties involved in the exchange of the gift, behaviour of the donor in the event of the exchange of the gift and the actual amount of the gift. The donor must also possess the legal capacity to deliver a gift to someone. Correspondingly, the final element is the acceptance of the gift wherein the person taking the gift must accept it at the time of the delivery. On completion of these three elements, the court would recognise such gift as a ‘perfect gift’. If in any case, the court is unable to identify the following three elements in the exchange of the gift then it is considered as the ‘imperfect gift’, which was also ruled in the Milroy v Lord case2. The aim of this study is to reveal the actual meaning of the perfect gift and the process through which the law has developed exception that the equity is unable to assist the volunteer to perfect an imperfect gift. The study has also tried to analyse the scope of further development in the particular area. Exceptions to the Maxim That ‘Equity Will Not Assist a Volunteer to Perfect an Imperfect Gift’ In the Milroy v Lord case, the main issue intended to prove whether the transferor of the property was really the trustee so that the gift could be treated as a ‘perfect gift’ or an ‘imperfect gift’ if otherwise. The question that rose in the context of this case was that the property was actually registered in the name of Tom Medley or was this was only an interest of Elena in order to enjoy the full right of the property. The case was in possession of the property and the limitations that were levied on the equity of the gift. Elena, niece of Tom Medley was getting married very soon. After the marriage of Elena, Medley had given some dividends from the shares to Elena, which was immediately handed over to the trustee or the Lord. Lord had deposited these shares in the Bank of Louisiana. Soon after the death of Medley, various issues rose such as whether these shares in the bank came under the possession of Medley or were they are the part of Lord’s property. Nevertheless, the real fact was that the shares were not once enumerated in the name of Lord rather it was always in the name of Medley3. At the end of the case, the court held a decision that Elena had no possession of any kind of property in the Bank of Louisiana as the title was never handed over to Lord from Medley. In this case, Lord was only acting as the trustee of the shares but the actual beneficiary was Elena. This case has given rise to a number of issues such as the ‘creation of trust’ and the ex ception that the ‘equity will not assist a volunteer to perfect an imperfect gift’4. In a general sense, trust is a legally binding agreement in which an individual transfers the legal control of the property to another person, namely the trustee, to manage the property effectively for the sake of the beneficiary. A trust usually is levied during the lifetime of the individual

Impact of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Advertising - Essay Example Materialistic appeal in advertising perpetuates desire to buy and consume and that is how an economy of any nation gets the necessary boost. When economy moves forward, numerous employment opportunities are created for everyone. More opportunities mean more income and that in turn, lifts living standard of society at large. After all, this has been the objective of humans since time immemorial. While materialism leads to more demand, advertising helps people in this endeavor to find newer things and consume. On consumers part, there is the continuous search to find improved products and services as made available by producers and suppliers. In this way, the interaction between consumers and marketers is a permanent affair and advertising is a strong tool to fulfilling consumers’ aspirations. Advertising has played a key role in globalization and globalization has helped conserve precious resources to produce quality goods and make them available across the globe at the lowest possible costs. Examples are Toyota, Hyundai, Honda and Mitsubishi cars they are considered not only most fuel efficient but also compact and cozy by consumers. Toyotas previous ad ‘Moving Forward’ has now changed to ‘Lets Go Places’ intimate with more exciting products. The tagline is ‘inspirational, inclusive and very versatile’ (AdvertisingAge, 2012). The past tagline between 1975 and 1979, ‘You asked for it. You got it’ made people run after Toyota cars and they became best sellers in the short period. It can be easily realized that these ads make a tremendous impact on people and prompt them to go for the best. Advertising has a tremendous capacity to change the society. While wealth creation is a necessity for the well-being of people in the society, letting people know about new creations is equally important. And it happens through advertising because it helps companies spread messages to a large section of society, whether through print or electronic media, almost instantaneously.

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound Essay

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound logistics converge to provide intergrated logistics - Essay Example rations involves several essential elements of a business such as production management, information flows, transportation of goods, warehousing, inventory control etc. Handling such activities with precision has become inevitable for the companies to gain competitive advantage over their competitors and strengthen its market positioning. It covers several operational aspects of a business, such as order processing, distribution of goods, as well as packaging which are essential for the timely receipt of raw materials as well as delivery of the finished products to the end users. Logistics can be defined as â€Å"The process of planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements1.† While the business dictionary defines logistics as â€Å"planning, execution, and control of the procurement, movement, and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. It may also be defined as the management of inventory in motion and at rest.2† Michael Porter’s Value Chain Model3, is an essential tool that helps in analyzing the various activities through which, the firms across the industry, seek to create competitive advantage. This model involves a series of support activities which are shown in the following diagram: The basic idea behind this model is to depict the various activities that create value to the organization which should be far greater than the cost involved in providing the product or service, hence creating a substantial profit margin in the process. These activities are explained through the case study of the â€Å"Bombay Dabbawalas† (Lunch box carriers from a city in India), a six sigma operation, recognized as a

Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Communication - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online marketing, its potential impact on the company’s online sales, and finally to recommend requirements for a successful online campaign. The advantages are numerous and include its one-to-one approach, its ability to cater to the company’s specific interests, increased choices for the consumer, its inexpensive nature, and its wide and round the clock reach. However, its disadvantages include the probability of illegal activity like spamming, incompatibility with products that require physical demonstrations, its cost, and time-sensitive nature. The paper also covers the impacts of online marketing such as expansion of the market place, its use as a research tool, its direct connectivity to potential clients by availing updated information, the ability of a business to operate 24 hours a day, and its reduction of administrative costs. Finally, the paper gives recommendations for a successful rolling out of online marketing strategy. This section recommends that the company must use all local search tactics available, ready its website for tablets and smart-phones, as well as identify new and incremental traffic and conversion sources. Online marketing is a term that refers to the marketing of services or products over the internet. Online marketing will enable the business to promote its services and products over the internet, at only a fraction of what it would have cost to use traditional modes of advertisement. This mode of marketing involves the creation of a strategy that suits the company’s website in order to promote its business over the internet. It brings technical and creative aspects together including sales, advertisement, development, and design. It involves a variation of business models including the generation of website leads, direct selling, and affiliate marketing that involves the development of a product by one entity and its sale by another. Some of the methods

Impact of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Advertising - Essay Example Materialistic appeal in advertising perpetuates desire to buy and consume and that is how an economy of any nation gets the necessary boost. When economy moves forward, numerous employment opportunities are created for everyone. More opportunities mean more income and that in turn, lifts living standard of society at large. After all, this has been the objective of humans since time immemorial. While materialism leads to more demand, advertising helps people in this endeavor to find newer things and consume. On consumers part, there is the continuous search to find improved products and services as made available by producers and suppliers. In this way, the interaction between consumers and marketers is a permanent affair and advertising is a strong tool to fulfilling consumers’ aspirations. Advertising has played a key role in globalization and globalization has helped conserve precious resources to produce quality goods and make them available across the globe at the lowest possible costs. Examples are Toyota, Hyundai, Honda and Mitsubishi cars they are considered not only most fuel efficient but also compact and cozy by consumers. Toyotas previous ad ‘Moving Forward’ has now changed to ‘Lets Go Places’ intimate with more exciting products. The tagline is ‘inspirational, inclusive and very versatile’ (AdvertisingAge, 2012). The past tagline between 1975 and 1979, ‘You asked for it. You got it’ made people run after Toyota cars and they became best sellers in the short period. It can be easily realized that these ads make a tremendous impact on people and prompt them to go for the best. Advertising has a tremendous capacity to change the society. While wealth creation is a necessity for the well-being of people in the society, letting people know about new creations is equally important. And it happens through advertising because it helps companies spread messages to a large section of society, whether through print or electronic media, almost instantaneously.

Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Communication - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online marketing, its potential impact on the company’s online sales, and finally to recommend requirements for a successful online campaign. The advantages are numerous and include its one-to-one approach, its ability to cater to the company’s specific interests, increased choices for the consumer, its inexpensive nature, and its wide and round the clock reach. However, its disadvantages include the probability of illegal activity like spamming, incompatibility with products that require physical demonstrations, its cost, and time-sensitive nature. The paper also covers the impacts of online marketing such as expansion of the market place, its use as a research tool, its direct connectivity to potential clients by availing updated information, the ability of a business to operate 24 hours a day, and its reduction of administrative costs. Finally, the paper gives recommendations for a successful rolling out of online marketing strategy. This section recommends that the company must use all local search tactics available, ready its website for tablets and smart-phones, as well as identify new and incremental traffic and conversion sources. Online marketing is a term that refers to the marketing of services or products over the internet. Online marketing will enable the business to promote its services and products over the internet, at only a fraction of what it would have cost to use traditional modes of advertisement. This mode of marketing involves the creation of a strategy that suits the company’s website in order to promote its business over the internet. It brings technical and creative aspects together including sales, advertisement, development, and design. It involves a variation of business models including the generation of website leads, direct selling, and affiliate marketing that involves the development of a product by one entity and its sale by another. Some of the methods

Tv Cooking Show Essay Example for Free

Tv Cooking Show Essay Ever sit at home with nothing to do? That’s how I feel all the time! Especially when I’m off from school, work, and simply everything. When I have nothing to do, my basic routine is to sit on the couch with my dog and turn on the TV. If Disney Channel is not an option to watch, I would turn to channel fifty-three, the Food Network. Watching the Food Network brightens my knowledge to a variety of cooking. The show taught me how to filet a fish, how to grill a lobster to perfection, and how to make one amazing pork chop. To be honest, without the Food Network shows, I would still be able to cook, but the foods would not be as good and flavorful. If I did not watch any cooking show, the only way for me to cook would be out of my crock pot. My foods without any lessons from the TV would be plain, tasteless, and simple. Being a student at Louisiana Culinary Institute, cooking and baking hold a very promising place in my life. Although it’s out of boredom that I watch the Food Network, cooking and baking is what I do everyday. Growing up I loved watching my mom and grandma do what they do best in the kitchen cooking. Admiring and watching them brought me to my passion in the culinary field. Watching them cook taught me a few things as well. Even though my cooking can not be compared to theirs, it does come pretty close. When I watch the Food Network, my favorite show is â€Å"Diners, Dive-Ins, and Dives† with the host and chef, Guy Fieri. This show is perfect for me because I love to travel and I love to eat. The show is about Guy Fieri’s quest around the world to find the best diners that serve the best foods. Good foods, cheap prices, lay-back locations, and traveling is all that I can ask for, and this show have gotten my vote. Not only do I find out where to eat, I also learn how some of these amazing foods are prepared. What more can I ask for? Every year, traveling is always on my calendar and agenda. When I travel, the most important thing is location, where to eat, and prices. Watching â€Å"Diners, Dive-Ins, and Dives† helps me know where I can go to eat when I’m out of town and help me save money. The thing that is so interesting when I watch Guy Fieri’s show is that anything that I crave for at home, I can make for myself if the restaurant is not around. The show taught me how to cook delicious foods within my price range. Watching the show helps me plan any road-trips much easier. It doesn’t matter where I travel, Guy Fieri can always refer me to a good place to dine.

The Aims Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay

The Aims Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay In 1960s, people were more concern about ethics in business and feel that company should respond in environment and social more than before. At that time, the aim of company was only maximize profit for investors. As a consequence, a new principle about more responsibility in running business was established. Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people. Kim Y. lecture (2009) The most common issues engage employee, human right and environmental regulations. After that, it was developed to Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR in 1970s. The entirety of CSR can be discerned into the three words contained within its phrase: corporate, social, and responsibility. Therefore, in broad terms, CSR covers the responsibilities corporations have to the societies within which they are based and operate. The University of Maimi (2009) The word corporate means a company that run an activities in order to gain the profit from an investment. Social means a group of people more than 15 people who have relationship or the same goal. The most important word is responsibility which means acceptance both of good and bad effect that occur by the company including the responding to prevent and correct the effect. The real definition of CSR has still discussed although there is considerable common between all of definitions. There are the different definitions. The social responsibility of the firm is to increase its profits. Friedman (1970) The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time. Carroll (1979) In the Commissions policy Communication, CSR was defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. It is essentially to prepare to take to the lead and show the board and stakeholders voluntarily that they take CSR seriously. CSR is a win-win situation that companies increase their profitability and society benefits at the same time. The EUs Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs aims to build a business-friendly environment, so EU CSR policy is consequently compatible with this. Europa press releases (2009) The early CSR models represented by Sethi had three tiers for classifying corporate behavior which he labeled corporate social performance. First level is a social obligation which base on responding to legal and market constraints. Next level is social responsibility which is addressing societal norms, values and expectations of performance. The last level is social responsiveness which base on anticipatory and preventive adaptation to social needs. Sethi, S.P. (1975) Building on the former model, Carroll presented his CSR model as a pyramid that had four classes (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) in 1991. Carroll, A.B. (1979) The first class is economic responsibilities. It is a normal objective of company that is being profit. The next step after being profit is legal responsibilities. Law or rule controls the activities of the company. If the company does not obey the law, it might be charged or has to pay penalty fee or tax. These two steps are common in the business. Ethical responsibilities are the next level. The company can choose to do what is right and fair and avoid harm. For example, a company decides to donate some of profit to poor children. The highest level is philanthropic responsibilities which is a voluntary action no rule or no force to command. In 1980s, a new concept of CSR, stakeholder theory, was raised by Freeman. In the traditional view of the company, the shareholders or the owners of the firm get the most importance priority to achieve their need. In this model, the company converts the input of investors, suppliers and employees into salable outputs which customers buy in order to gain returning some capital benefit to the company. By this model, the companies only take in hand the needs of those four parties (investors or shareholders, suppliers, employees and customers). However, stakeholder theory argues that there are more other parties involved such as governmental agents, competitors and civil society. All of stakeholders get effect and take influence by the company. The stakeholder theory like a combination of traditional company and CSR which balances a maximize profit of investors and social responsibility in order to achieve business sustainability. Classifying by business process, there are two steps: CSR in process and CSR after process. Campaigns of reducing emissions or reducing the carbon footprint in production are examples of CSR in process which is not only following CSR campaign but also cost reduction. Other well known campaigns are mostly CSR after process. Europa press releases (2009) According to Wettsteins article about Beyond Voluntariness, Beyond CSR: Making a Case for Human Rights and Justice, CSR is a normative perception dealing with what corporations should do and how they ought to act. It is an inherently moral in nature. It is more than mere compliance with given laws and regulations. So it must automatically be voluntary, not be mandated by laws. WETTSTEIN F. (2009) There are many debates on CSR which is focus on recording of donating a share of their profits to charity by corporation. The core of CSR used to be seen as philanthropic responsibilities, so companies try to represent their social responsibility by increasing donating share of their profits to social. CSR was seen as external force in running a business. It was not a basis for legitimate business conduct but it was an equipment to give something back to the society that was neither commanded nor expected, but rather merely appreciated. Werrstein F. (2009) The examples of CSR Company There are a lot of companies that adopt CSR in their strategy and also a lot of ways to integrate CSR into the company both in process and after process such as donation, producing green products, improvement of human resource and protection an environment. The examples of CSR companies help to understand the step in the global strategic planning process. The first example is fashion field firm. In report about How ethical is your fashion?, Jane Shepherdson, who became chief executive of the Whistles womenswear chain, give her view that we need to be tempted into buying beautiful, ethical, sustainable clothes BBC News website (2008) In report about Primark fires child worker firms, there is more concern about CSR in fashion industry. For example, Nike has responded to consumer concerns about ethical standards by publishing details of all suppliers. Primark, the UK clothing firm on high street, has fired three Indian suppliers due to using child labors to make goods. The sub-contracted suppliers of Primark used child labor to carry out embroidery and sequin work. BBC News website (2008) The next example is in the pharmaceutical field. In 1987, Merck, the second-largest pharmaceutical company in the world and a global leader in consumer products and animal care, lunched the Merck MECTIZAN ® Donation Program (MDP) which is the largest on-going medical donation program. The MDP provides MECTIZAN for the treatment of river blindness in endemic countries. Since 1987, the MDP has approved more than 530 million treatments of MECTIZAN. With only one annual dose, MECTIZAN is well suited for distribution in isolated areas and the only well-tolerated drug known to halt the development of a disease. The company hoped that transmission of river blindness will be interrupted and the disease will be virtually eliminated by the continued use of MECTIZAN. Merck (2006) Marks Spencer (MS) is one of the UKs leading retailers of clothing, food and general merchandise such as womens clothing, menswear, lingerie, beauty and home. The founders of MS believed that building good relationships with employees, suppliers and wider society was the best guarantee of long-term success so they implement CSR in all business unit that have own CSR strategy. Their CSR strategies based around the brand value of trust and balanced with customer needs and all stakeholder expectations and are grouped into three areas which are people products and community. In 2004, MS launched The Marks Start community program focusing in preparing people ready for work. Target groups are the young unemployed, disabled people, parents returning to work and school students. The program provided individuals a taste of life in a working atmosphere and the confidence and ability to achieve employment. MS allocate their employees as a buddy. The program has improved staff morale and contr ibuted to make MS as a great place to work and they felt that they had increased their skills. The philosophy of MS is helping others to help themselves so MS provide knowledge and experience in order to let them stay in the world buy themselves. Article 13 (2005) In 2008, Exxon Mobil Corporation, the U.S.-based energy giant, provided a combined $189.1 million in cash, goods and services worldwide. Rex W. Tillerson, Chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, said that the goal of our Corporate Citizenship Report in 2008 is to detail our performance and commitment in our most significant citizenship areas: corporate governance, safety and health, environmental performance, managing climate change risks, economic development, and human rights and security. The company pays attention to many social responsibilities such as education, environment, health, womens economic opportunity initiative and worldwide giving. Exxon Mobil received Malaria Award from Global Business Coalition in 2008. Malaria is one of the successful projects. It has fight with Malaria in Africa where the firm operates for more than eight years. The company recognized through their employees in Africa what an impact of malaria on their lives and the economic development. So Exxon Mobil decided to fight against malaria through the companys Africa Health Initiative. Exxon Mobils website (2008) Last but not least, Nestlà © UK has provided assistance to improve farmers livelihoods through productivity and quality improvements including setting up an eco-friendly, post-harvest treatment. Nestlà © is currently helping over 3,500 of the poorest coffee farmers in El Salvador and Ethiopia where has benefited of fair premium prices in trade for high quality Arabica coffee beans. The Partners Blend project helps farmers grow higher quality coffee, develop communities, increase yield and achieve a higher standard of life. With this program, Nestlà © applies sustainable approach to particularly poor producing communities in those areas. After successful in the UK, Ireland and Sweden have followed up that will be launching fair-trade certified coffee products. A long term commitment of Nestlà © is developing sustainable agricultural practices in order to help relieve hardship and poverty for poor farmers. Supporting their farmers also helps Nestlà © to assure continuous supply hi gh quality of coffee beans. This program increases a good reputation and brand of Nestlà © in social responsibility area. Nestlà © (2006) The impact of CSR in the business In tracking the impact of CSR by Jeffrey Marshall, Geoffrey Heal, Garrett Professor of Public Policy and Business Responsibility and professor of economics and finance at Columbia University, was interviewed about impact of CSR. According to the interview, companies are for-profit entities but there is a change going on in terms of the pressures that society puts on businesses to address social and environmental issues. He gave example of companies that pay attention to society and environment. He noted about green company that there are two issues going on this topic. In the one side, customers are willing to pay more if they can buy green product which is likely another factor quality of product. At the same time, the firms are able to increase product price due to insensitive price customer in green products. An argument about short term of financial position of CSR companies was issued in the downturn economic. However, the companies recognize that CSR is long term investment in the brand and reputation. The recruitment is a bunch of different issues. This issue was raised by Mark Tercek, senior executives of Goldman Sachs. It is increasingly critical in recruitment and retention to have a really positive social and environmental profile. New hires concern not just salary or the status of the firm but they want to work for the company that makes them proud to be in that company. CSR is a factor that encourages new hires to work with that company. Jeffrey M (2008) In 2000, the trend of CSR boomed. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentHYPERLINK http://www.oecd.org/ releases guidelines for multinational enterprises. The richest countries in the world launched the rule for their member of blocking company that does not adopt CSR. So without CSR program, lots of traditional company cannot trade with companies in OECD. OECD (2009) Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) or green investment in the past is a new impact from CSR to investment. Ethical Investment means avoiding invest in bad things such as cigarette, alcohol drinks or weapons. There have investment funds which invest only in CSR companies. It is clear that CSR is one way of non tariff discriminations in the modern world. It does not stick as a law but it effect doing business in international environment. The consequences of adopting CSR Learning about the consequences of CSR help to understand the purpose of mission of CSR. What should they do? what have they done? There are many arguments about the consequences of concerning of Corporate Social Responsibility. In this part of report, the advantages or benefits and disadvantages or risk of adopting CSR are discussed. Philip Kotler, Marketing Guru, gave an opinion about benefits of CSR. He mentioned that the first benefit is increasing sale volume and market share. He noted that it is not directly relate between CSR and profit. But CSR provides more opportunity for company that concern about CSR. Philip K. 2005 At lease, Working with CSR is better than does not. Reduction on cost of goods sold is another benefit. In the business process, if the firm can drive out more quality of employees or cut out some substances from processes that means reduce cost of process as well. Philip K. 2005 There is often a direct benefit to profitability. CSR is not only for external society but also internal responsibility. If the companies pay attention to their employees such as training , environment in work place and work-life balance, this increase satisfaction and loyalty from their employments. This also helps productivity and product quality. Europa press releases (2009) However, Public relationship which is the way that companies communicate with public and marketing are the next issue. If the companies present their CSR news, it encourages and sparks correspondents and investors to pay attention in the company. Philip K. 2005 Moreover, an advantage of company image, brand and reputation is another advantage of CSR. Europa press releases (2009) The benefit is brand positioning and reputation. Philip K. 2005 In Philips perspective, CSR is a challenge of the company. It is not easy or too difficult to achieve CSR. He recommended three step of developing CSR. First is choosing the suitable topic and then pick the popular or innovation way. Last step is implementing and present the success. Finally, evaluation is important to be a lesson in the future. Philip K. 2005 In Business green website, it raises the issue that green consumer spending defies the downturn. In this difficult economic climate, consumer spending generally drops. But a major report shows that green market products and services grow by a recession-busting five percent or  £6.4 billion in value. According to the report by Guardian newspaper, customer expenditure rose on a various range of green products and services such as green energy tariffs, energy-efficient appliances and small-scale renewable energy projects. However, it noted that while the green market has defied expectations and continued to grow steadily in recent years, this sector still accounts for less than one per cent of total consumer expending. Cath E. (2009) Even though, this is an economic downturn or economic crisis but CSR remains a priority for the companies being part of long-term strategy. Although, in this situation, the companies might be pressure to reduce their CSR projects. As the same time, in short-term strategy, the board should advocate that companies especially in financial department pay more attention on ethics and social needs. Overall, thoughtfulness of short-term social needs and long-term strategy should persuade companies to keep to their CSR strategies through this downturn time. Europa press releases (2009) Many of the global problems we are facing today cannot be solved by any single actor alone anymore. They require joint action of a variety of actors and sectors, all with a genuine interest in truly global solutions. Multinational corporations must offer their support where their expertise is key for improving the global human rights situation. New forms of governance such as public policy networks or other forms of public-private partnerships have become increasingly effective in addressing complex global problems. WETTSTEIN F. (2009) Conclusion From the past, the traditional view of the role of the company is only maximizing their profit for investors. If the company avoids destroying environment or hiring child labor, it only causes by the law. In the new view of the role of the company or CSR program, the company concerns more in their employees, human rights, environment and corruption. CSR is not rule; the companies do not have to follow but them willing to do the good thing to society and respond for the effect of their actions. As can be seem in examples, there are more and more companies that adopt CSR in their strategy. The biggest advantages of being with CSR are reputation and reduce cost of goods sold. There also are a lot of issues around CSR and CSI that should be research in detail for impact of concerning on social.

Software Piracy Essay -- History, Dan Sokol

Many years have passed since the first pirates emerged on the sea, but they still exist and have extended their scope of action. Meaning of the word ‘’pirate’’ has changed and now can be defined as the person who illegally makes a copy of someone’s property. Music, films, books and software on hard media can be pirated by consumers. According to Gopal and Sanders (1998 381) software piracy is the operation of simulating original software which is against the law for any purpose. Such illegal acts could seriously affect industry and society. For instance, losses of software industry profits because of piracy were $12.8 billion in 1993 (Austin American-Statesman 1994), it shows that a large number of software products were pirated. Therefore, piracy is a major problem for the advance of the software industry and consumers. This essay will cover causes and effects of software piracy. There are four main reasons why the piracy of software is easy and wid espread, economic development, legislation, reliability of pirated copies and consumer’s attitude. Software piracy has the intellectual impact on society and the financial effect on the industry. This essay also will provide the combat process and analyze some proposed solutions in order to determine the effective solution. The history of software piracy starts from 1975, when Dan Sokol, who was a member of Homebrew Computer Club, copied the version of the programming language BASIC (Leinss n.d.). Since then, piracy seems to have increased by years. For instance, Givon et al. (1995 29) state that 40% of software was pirated in the United States in 1995. However, as Gopal and Sanders (1998 381) inform the percent of illegal copies there, had risen to 70% in 1997. Italy and Spain had ... ... pirated copies and consumer’s attitude were chosen as the root causes. Software piracy problem caused by integration of these factors, for dealing with this problem all causes should be eliminated. Software piracy considered as a problem, because it has a harmful effect for industry and users. It was found that there were some attempts to avoid this issue, but none of them was totally effective. Software piracy is the long-term problem of software industry and solutions of it are very controversial. To reduce the rate of piracy government should think about the level of economy and new legislations, monopolies should experience other protection devices, and consumers should think more about consequences of their choice. However, market and society adapted to existing of software piracy, and piracy seems to be not always bad, because of some benefits for industry.

Designing a Butterfly Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Designing a Garden for the Blind Nature is so beautiful. It is unfair that due to uncontrollable circumstances, some people are unable to fully enjoy it. That is up until now. With the new wave of handicap focused services such as restaurants for the blind, even the blind can experience life the way it should be experienced, which is why I have designed a garden for the blind, or Jardin de la Nuit(Garden of the Night). I will begin explaining my design by describing the path that has been chosen for this project. It is based on the land behind Hume that has a downward slope and a creek. The path begins behind Hume West near the sidewalk. It starts towards the creek and turns around the tree and stones placed to the left. It then continues toward the creek to the left of the trees and bench. There is then a path already warn down from excessive use that will be followed back up towards the Hume buildings. The path will then pass to the right of the two benches and around the large oak tree back towards the beginning of the path. Since the land is really steep in this area, the rails already existing will be used to walk up towards the buildings. The path will follow the curve of the railings back towards the creek. Here the land is really steep and hard to walk down. In order to use the least amount of effort, the path will then zigzag down the slope where it will finally end down by the creek near Hume East. The plants and herbs that have been chosen are fragrant, textured or edible. Some are a combination of these criteria. In order to prevent sensual overload I have alternated between the three. This will help set a pattern and allow the visitors to know what to expect and how to experience each. For example, at the beginning of the path there will be basil, an edible herb usually used for seasoning. Around the stones and tree, jasmine will be planted, which has a very soothing and strong scent. After leaving the stones towards the creek, there will be lamb’s ear, which is very soft, followed by another edible plant.

Historical Paper

Here is a paper on Historical Report on Race Historical Report on Race Nigel Faison ETH/125- Cultural Diversity June 24, 2012 Tiff Archie Axia College of the University Phoenix Historical Report on Race Dear, John Doe I am writing you this letter to let you know some of the struggles of African Americans throughout history. It is my sincere hope, that this helps you to understand the people of my race better; furthermore, I hope that it answers any questions that you may have had. Since we are friends, I just wanted to give you some insight into my culture.My people were brought to this country in 1619, to work for white people, and by 1661, Virginia had enacted the very first slave law. â€Å"By 1776, the year the United States declared its independence from Great Britain, slavery was legal in every state, and African Americans labored as slaves throughout the North as well as the South. † (Social Probelms, Ch. 3, p. 65). From the beginning, my people were being subjected to a life of servitude. During the slave trade African American families were routinely split up for profit.Can you imagine the effect that this had on the people, to have their families torn apart? African Americans had to do whatever they were told to do by their so called â€Å"masters† and if they did not as history tells us, they were whipped, beaten, and even hanged. It was said that â€Å"African Americans were not really people. † (Social Problems, Ch. 3, p. 65). This is how a society that was supposed to be civilized viewed other human beings. Later, after slavery ended, African Americans continued to face prejudice and discrimination in their everyday lives.African Americans were being denied their basic civil rights and institutional discrimination was the norm. African Americans were not allowed to go to school with whites, drink from the same water fountains, stay at the same hotels, eat at the same restaurants, vote, and had to give up their seat to white pe ople on the bus. Proof of this can be seen in a ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States. â€Å"In the 1857 Dred Scott case, the U. S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens entitled to the rights and protections of U. S. law. † This was backed up by segregation and Jim Crow laws. Social Problems, Ch. 3, p. 65). Some of the political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history for African Americans were gaining our freedom, civil rights, and equality for our people. Our people had been through so much and the fight to gain these things would take years, even today, the issue of equality seems to still not be settled as reflected in the wages paid to African Americans. The median pay of White men is $52,273, for woman it is $40,219. The median pay of Black men is $40,219, for woman it is $32,829.In addition, it is said that the level of education has nothing to do with the gap, because even at the â€Å"highest levels† it is still present. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch. 3, p. 67). Why are we paid so much less for performing the same jobs? I think that discrimination has to be playing a role here, would you agree? John, as I mentioned earlier; slavery, segregation, and Jim Crow laws were enacted against African Americans. These laws were established to deny us of our civil rights and allowed for legal discrimination against African Americans.Organizations or groups that fought against these laws were, â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). † They fought these laws by having protests, demonstrations, political organizing, and voter registration drives in the Civil Rights Movement (1950s and 1960s). The results of these actions were laws such as, the Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965). http://national humanitiescenter. org/tserve/freedom/1917beyond/essays/crm. htm). What these laws achieved, with one addition, is the following: â€Å"Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting segregation in employment and public accommodations), the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (banning voting requirements that prevented African Americans from having a political voice), and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (which outlawed discrimination in housing). Together, these laws brought an end to most legal discrimination in public

English Longman

My selection is Situation 3 from Page 226. â€Å"Fallen Through The Cracks† Everybody has seen at least one in their lifetime, we all know it. Some of us feel sorry for them, some of us just wish they would get up and do something with their lives. Unfortunately for them, there are far more people that prefer the second option. We would much rather turn the other cheek and pretend we had never seen anything at all. No one ever really thinks of how much they may be hurting someone by just simply walking by.Anyone in their right mind would like to sit on their pedestal and argue that that is wrong and we should help these people get back on their feet. I have yet to see a person do more than drop a couple quarters into the lap of one of these people. I also have a hard time finding any sort of advertisement for helping this country’s less fortunate individuals. As we all know, Americans need to be reminded of what we should be doing, or it will not get done. Yesterday, I was on my way home when I spotted a homeless man sitting next to a building.I parked my vehicle and went over to him. He seemed rather confused about what I was doing, and his first thought must have been that I was there to stare and make fun of him. After being told to go away, I simply said I was there to help. The debate went back and forth for a while until I finally was able to sway his opinion and get him to come with me. I offered for him to come live with me while he finds a job. I told him I would provide food, clothing, transportation to interviews, and toiletry items so he could keep himself looking presentable. We had an accord.On the opposite end of the spectrum, I see literally thousands of people walk by and either act like the person blends in with the background on which they lie, scoff, or say terrible things. Assuming I was in this situation, after a while I might think I am just as worthless as they are saying I am. Also, being so few places to go to seek shelte r or help in improving one self, makes it hard to rise above the current position. Although, some people do deserve the position they are in, many do not, and everyone deserves another chance. No person should have to spend their life n the streets with nothing to call their own when so many people have so much. Locally, a change can be made rather easily, I think. A simple lack of communication seems to be the problem, as far as I can tell. Nobody gets reminded of the issue, therefore, they do not have a drive to do anything about it. Everyone feels they are â€Å"too busy† to make any significant difference. Unless you are working two jobs, going to school full time, and have a family of seven at home, you’re probably not too busy. Five minutes makes a world of difference, and who knows what can be accomplished by simply helping a hand in need?

Marketing Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Products - Essay Example The company will produce bags that will be different from other bags mostly sold in the market. It will add a fashion touch to it in order to give it a trendy look. The sponginess of the bag will add up to it and will strive to provide the consumer with a unique experience. And the fun element in this particular product would be its variance in colors. The consumers will get the opportunity to choose from a wide range of colors. Also, the product will be manufactured by the usage of the topnotch and high quality materials. All these combinations collectively will provide a low weight to the bag that can prove to be the USP (Unique Selling Point) of the product and will primarily meet the needs of the fast moving consumers (Baker, 2009). 2. Discussion of the Service Component of the Product and Its Role in Enhancing the Product The best part of the product would be its after-sales services. The company will provide 1 full year warranty to these bags. And the most important factors tha t could facilitate in maximum number of sales of this product would be: It will provide free repairs and maintenance of the bags for a full year. For adding up to the customization factor, the company is also planning to provide free repair services in the selected customer’s place. ... The company is hoping that it would get a positive leap as it is already recognized in the US and considered as a well known brand. The company is also planning to add more service features to the bags but for that the company will have to increase the price of the bags. So, in the initial stage, the company will provide the customers with the above mentioned service features and will sell the product at a nominal price for the sole purpose of attracting maximum number of customers (Baker, 2009). 3. The Product Expansion to a Product Line, and the Depth and Breadth of the Line For expanding the bags to a product line, the manufacturing and sales processes of these bags need to be expanded too. Also, the company will only be able to expand the product line of these bags when it will be liked by customers. The company can only expand its products when the sales volume and demand for the bags reveals the increasing trend. The expansion will be made depending upon the various processes t hat the company is going to follow. It can be clearly assumed that the product can become highly consumable as the company is well known and very fashionable. If the product introduced generates radical demand then the company can also introduce variance in the size and capacity of the bags. This way it will enable the company to cater to other sections of the society as well. The company will be able to gain the upper hand over its competitors as well. The depth and breadth of the product can also increase to a very large extent if the company can maintain the value and availability of its products. The company can also go for extending the features of the bags by way of collecting feedback from the customers. It can make necessary modifications

Virginia Tech Tragedy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virginia Tech Tragedy - Case Study Example Cho Seung-Hui had been previously investigated for hostile behavior, but any action was private and was not disclosed due to confidentiality issues ("Killer's Manifesto"). The University was faulted for a slow and inadequate response and the state was criticized for failing to deal with the shooter's mental health problems. Politicians, educators and editorialists lost no time in commenting on the tragedy, but they arrived at radically different conclusions when it came to addressing many of the basic questions arising from an act of this nature. Among them were the following: Why did University officials allow the killing to continue without evacuating the campus Why did the state not take action and force Cho Seung-Hui to seek treatment for his mental disorders How did the suspect obtain high-powered weapons with a history of mental health issues In this review of the initial reactions to the shootings at Virginia Tech, I intend to examine how those three questions were answered, while at the same time indicating my own critical response to the conclusions that they were based on. The killings could have been prevented by a quicker University response, mandatory mental health treatment, and stricter gun control. The formal investigation into the shootings criticized the University for failing to act in a prompt and proper manner. Timothy Kaine, the governor of Virginia, commented, "It was very clear in the immediate aftermath [of the first shootings] that the community should have been notified that the perpetrator or perpetrators were still at large" (qtd. in Tran). The initial students were killed shortly after 7:00 AM, but a lockdown did not occur and students were not warned of the potential danger until 9:26 AM (Tran). The deadlier second wave of killings took place approximately 20 minutes later. The two and a half hour delay in warning students was unacceptable and the e-mail notification should have occurred immediately. An early warning and word of mouth may have been able to identify and prevent the additional killings at 9:45 AM. Locking down the campus may have stopped the killer from entering the classrooms and dormitories. The report into the killings said, "During Cho's junior year at Virginia Tech, numerous incidents occurred that were clear warnings of mental instability" (Tran). Administrators and students are culturally conditioned to respect privacy and students are reluctant to "turn in bad actors to adult authority" (Henninger). In the wake of the shootings there has been a call for reforming the mental health laws. University officials are considering forced removal of hostile students and lawmakers are considering the suspension of students' privacy rights (Bower). With his extensive history of trouble, Cho only received sporadic counseling and infrequent medication to treat his disorder. It is a sensitive issue to force a person to seek mental health treatment when there is only the potential for violence. Our cultural tradition values freedom and privacy. These values will sometimes limit the action that a state or educational institution can take against someone they suspect may be of danger to themselves or others. According to a report on CNN, "Virginia law disqualifies a person from buying firearms only if they have

The challanges of adopting a multi-channel retail approach Essay

The challanges of adopting a multi-channel retail approach - Essay Example It is evident that the digital era fuelled novel business opportunities and the continuous evolution of online business channels have made multi-channel retailing a reality, with the customer now placed at the forefront of retail strategy (Jain, 2008). In turn, this has reshaped business distribution and marketing models. To this end, it is submitted as a central proposition in this paper that consumers increasingly dictate retail strategy and therefore CRM is vital as part of an integrated retail strategy to ensure that an organization keeps pace with the multi-channel retail model. Moreover, the central consideration should be given to the movement away from the conventional economics based approach to consider the benefit of integrating effective CRM into retail strategy. For example, Weinberg at al’s 2007 report into changing consumer behaviour highlights that approximately 65-70% of consumers fall within the category of â€Å"multichannel shoppers† and they increas ingly have the highest purchasing power. (Weinberg et al, 2007). As a result, Weinberg et al posit that it is â€Å"critical that organisations effectively employ a multichannel marketing approach, as consumers in B2C contexts now expect it† (Weinberg et al, 2007, p.385). The impact of multi-channel retailing has continued to grow and Retail Solutions Online highlight that industry research indicates that approximately 40% of sales will be attributable to the multi-channel model by 2012 (2009). Additionally, the Retail Solutions’ Online research indicates that the proliferation of the multi-channel retail model will continue to grow and as a result, retail business have to embrace the model as part of integrated retail strategy to compete in the marketplace (2009). Moreover, Vollmer and Precourt argue that the underlying basis for marketing is rooted in economic principles of exchanging goods for value (2008). It is precisely this concept of â€Å"value† that ha s been at the heart of marketing strategy in persuading consumers to exchange value for goods in conventional business strategy. However, as the business models continue to evolve in line with changing consumer habits and retail channels, Vargo and Lusch point to the fact that economical basis for traditional marketing strategy has been forced to adapt to remain relevant (2004). Additionally, Vargo and Lusch further refer to the arguments of Achrol and Kotler that the: â€Å"very nature of network organisation†¦..and the potential impact on the organisation of consumption all suggest that a paradigm shift for marketing may not be far over the horizon†